Article 3 - Definitions

SI 2022 No. 1235

For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions apply:

(1) ‘unmanned aircraft’  (‘UA’) means any aircraft operating or designed to operate autonomously or to be piloted remotely without a pilot on board;

(2) ‘equipment to control unmanned aircraft remotely’  means any instrument, equipment, mechanism, apparatus, appurtenance, software or accessory that is necessary for the safe operation of a UA other than a part and which is not carried on board that UA;

(3) ‘unmanned aircraft system’  (‘UAS’) means an unmanned aircraft and the equipment to control it remotely;

(4) ‘unmanned aircraft system operator’  (‘UAS operator’) means any legal or natural person operating or intending to operate one or more UAS;

(5) ‘open’  category’ means a category of UAS operations that is defined in Article 4 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947;

(6) ‘specific’  category means a category of UAS operations that is defined in Article 5 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947;

(7) ‘certified’  category means a category of UAS operation that is defined in Article 6 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947;

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(9) ‘accreditation’  means accreditation as defined in paragraph 10 of Article 2 of Regulation (EC) No 765/2008;

(10) ‘conformity assessment’  means the process demonstrating whether the specified requirements relating to a product have been fulfilled;

(11) ‘conformity assessment body’  means a body that performs conformity assessment activities including calibration, testing, certification and inspection;

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(13) ‘manufacturer’  means any natural or legal person who manufactures a product or has a product designed or manufactured, and markets that product under their name or trademark;

(14) ‘authorised representative’  means any natural or legal person established in the United Kingdom who has received a written mandate from a manufacturer to act on his behalf in relation to specified tasks;

(15) ‘importer’  means any natural or legal person established in the United Kingdom who places a product from a third country [on the market;

(16) ‘distributor’  means any natural or legal person in the supply chain, other than the manufacturer or the importer, who makes a product available on the market;

(17) ‘economic operators’  means the manufacturer, the authorised representative of the manufacturer, the importer, and the distributor of the UAS;

(18) ‘making available on the market’  means any supply of a product for distribution, consumption or use in the United Kingdom in the course of a commercial activity, whether in exchange of payment or free of charge;

(19) ‘placing on the market’  means the first making available of a product in the United Kingdom;

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(21) ‘technical specification’  means a document that establishes technical requirements to be fulfilled by a product, process or service;

(22) ‘privately built UAS’ means a UAS assembled or manufactured for the builder’s own use, not including UAS assembled from a set of parts placed on the market by the manufacturer as a single ready-to-assemble kit;

(23) ‘market surveillance authority’  means an authority prescribed in accordance with Article 3B;

(24) ‘recall’  means any measure aimed at achieving the return of a product that has already been made available to the end-user;

(25) ‘withdrawal’  means any measure aimed at preventing a product in the supply chain from being made available on the market;

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(27) ‘remote pilot’  means a natural person responsible for safely conducting the flight of a UA by operating its flight controls, either manually or, when the UA flies automatically, by monitoring its course and remaining able to intervene and change its course at any time;

(28) ‘maximum take-off mass’  (‘MTOM’) means the maximum UA mass, including payload and fuel, as defined by the manufacturer or the builder, at which the UA can be operated;

(29) ‘payload’  means any instrument, mechanism, equipment, part, apparatus, appurtenance, or accessory, including communications equipment, that is installed in or attached to the aircraft, and is not used or intended to be used in operating or controlling an aircraft in flight, and is not part of an airframe, engine, or propeller;

(30) ‘follow-me mode’  means a mode of operation of a UAS where the unmanned aircraft constantly follows the remote pilot within a predetermined radius;

(31) ‘direct remote identification’  means a system that ensures the local broadcast of information about a UA in operation, including the marking of the UA, so that this information can be obtained without physical access to the UA;

(32) ‘geo-awareness’  means a function that, based on the data provided by the CAA, detects a potential breach of airspace limitations and alerts the remote pilots so that they can take effective immediate and action to prevent that breach;

(33) ‘sound power level LWA ’  means the A-weighted sound power in dB in relation to 1 pW as defined in EN ISO 3744:2010;

(34) ‘measured sound power level’  means a sound power level as determined from measurements as laid down in Part 13 of the Annex; measured values may be determined either from a single UA representative for the type of equipment or from the average of a number of UA;

(35) ‘guaranteed sound power level’  means a sound power level determined in accordance with the requirements laid down in Part 13 of the Annex which includes the uncertainties due to production variation and measurement procedures and where the manufacturer, or his authorised representative [...], confirms that according to the technical instruments applied and referred to in the technical documentation it is not exceeded;

(36) ‘hovering’  means staying in the same geographical position in the air;

(37) ‘assemblies of people’  means gatherings where persons are unable to move away due to the density of the people present;

(38) ‘command unit’  (‘CU’) means the equipment or system of equipment to control unmanned aircraft remotely as defined in point 32 of Article 3 of Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 which supports the control or the monitoring of the unmanned aircraft during any phase of flight, with the exception of any infrastructure supporting the command and control (C2) link service;

(39) ‘C2 link service’ means a communication service supplied by a third party, providing command and control between the unmanned aircraft and the CU;

(40) ‘night’  means the hours between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight as defined in Implementing Regulation (EU) No 923/2012;

(41) ’market surveillance’  means the activities carried out and measures taken by public authorities to ensure that products comply with the requirements set out in any relevant enactment and do not endanger health, safety or an any other aspect of public interest protection;

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(43) ’designated standard’  has the meaning provided in Article 3A;

(44) ’approved body’  means a conformity assessment body which has been approved by the Secretary of State under Article 18;

(45) ’UK marking’  means a marking in the form published in accordance with Article 30(1) of RAMS;

(46) ’RAMS’  means Regulation (EC) No 765/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 July 2008 setting out the requirements for accreditation and market surveillance relating to the marketing of products and repealing Regulation (EEC) 339/93;

(47) ’the CAA’  means the Civil Aviation Authority;

(48) ’third country’  means any country or territory other than the United Kingdom.