a) FLIGHT LEVEL (number); or

b) [HEIGHT] (number) METRES; or

c) [ALTITUDE] (number) FEET.

d) (number) FEET/METRES ABOVE (or BELOW)

a) CLIMB (or DESCEND);

followed as necessary by:

1) TO [HEIGHT or ALTITUDE] (level)

2) FLIGHT LEVEL (level)

3) TO AND MAINTAIN BLOCK (level) TO (level);

4) TO REACH (level) AT (or BY) (time or significant point);

5) REPORT LEAVING (or REACHING, or PASSING) (level);

6) AT (number) METRES PER SECOND (or FEET PER MINUTE) [OR GREATER (or OR LESS)];

7) REPORT STARTING ACCELERATION (or DECELERATION).

b) MAINTAIN AT LEAST (number) METRES (or FEET) ABOVE (or BELOW)(aircraft call sign);

c) REQUEST LEVEL (or FLIGHT LEVEL or ALTITUDE) CHANGE FROM (name of unit) [AT (time or significant point)];

d) STOP CLIMB (or DESCENT) AT (level);

e) CONTINUE CLIMB (or DESCENT) TO (level);

f) EXPEDITE CLIMB (or DESCENT) [UNTIL PASSING (level)];

g) WHEN READY, CLIMB (or DESCEND) TO (level);

h) EXPECT CLIMB (or DESCENT) AT (time or significant point);

*i) REQUEST DESCENT AT (time);

j) IMMEDIATELY;

k) AFTER PASSING (significant point);

l) AT (time or significant point);

m) WHEN READY (instruction);

n) MAINTAIN OWN SEPARATION AND VMC [FROM (level)] [TO (level)];

o) MAINTAIN OWN SEPARATION AND VMC ABOVE (or BELOW, or TO) (level);

p) IF UNABLE, (alternative instructions) AND ADVISE;

*q) UNABLE;

*r) TCAS RA;

s) ROGER;

*t) CLEAR OF CONFLICT, RETURNING TO (assigned clearance);

u) ROGER (or alternative instructions);

*v) CLEAR OF CONFLICT (assigned clearance) RESUMED;

w) ROGER (or alternative instructions);

*x UNABLE, TCAS RA;

y) ROGER;

z) CLIMB TO (level) [LEVEL RESTRICTION(S) (SID designator) CANCELLED (or) LEVEL RESTRICTION(S) (SID designator) AT (point) CANCELLED];

aa) DESCEND TO (level) [LEVEL RESTRICTION(S) (STAR designator) CANCELLED (or) LEVEL RESTRICTION(S) (STAR designator) AT (point) CANCELLED].

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission.

*a) MINIMUM FUEL:

b) ROGER [NO DELAY EXPECTED or EXPECT (delay information)].

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission.

a) CONTACT (unit call sign) (frequency) [NOW];

b) AT (or OVER) (time or place)[or WHEN] [PASSING/LEAVING/REACHING (level)] CONTACT (unit call sign) (frequency);

c) IF NO CONTACT (instructions);

d) STAND BY FOR (unit call sign) (frequency);

*e) REQUEST CHANGE TO (frequency);

f) FREQUENCY CHANGE APPROVED;

g) MONITOR (unit call sign) (frequency);

*h) MONITORING (frequency);

i) WHEN READY, CONTACT (unit call sign) (frequency);

j) REMAIN THIS FREQUENCY.

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission.

a) CONFIRM EIGHT POINT THREE THREE;

*b) AFFIRM EIGHT POINT THREE THREE;

*c) NEGATIVE EIGHT POINT THREE THREE;

d) CONFIRM UHF;

*e) AFFIRM UHF;

*f) NEGATIVE UHF;

g) CONFIRM EIGHT POINT THREE THREE EXEMPTED;

*h) AFFIRM EIGHT POINT THREE THREE EXEMPTED;

*i) NEGATIVE EIGHT POINT THREE THREE EXEMPTED;

j) DUE EIGHT POINT THREE THREE REQUIREMENT.

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission.

a) CHANGE YOUR CALL SIGN TO (new call sign)[UNTIL FURTHER ADVISED];

b) REVERT TO FLIGHT PLAN CALL SIGN (call sign) [AT (significant point)].

a) TRAFFIC (information);

b) NO REPORTED TRAFFIC;

*c) LOOKING OUT;

*d) TRAFFIC IN SIGHT;

*e) NEGATIVE CONTACT [reasons];

f) [ADDITIONAL] TRAFFIC (direction) BOUND (type of aircraft) (level) ESTIMATED (or OVER) (significant point) AT (time);

g) TRAFFIC IS (classification) UNMANNED FREE BALLOON(S) WAS [or ESTIMATED] OVER (place) AT (time) REPORTED level(s)) [or LEVEL UNKNOWN] MOVING (direction) (other pertinent information, if any).

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission.

a) [SURFACE] WIND (number)DEGREES (speed) (units);

b) WIND AT (level) (number) DEGREES (number) KILOMETRES PER HOUR (or KNOTS);

Note.— Wind is always expressed by giving the mean direction and speed and any significant variations thereof.

c) VISIBILITY (distance) (units) [direction];

d) RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (or RVR) [RUNWAY (number)] (distance) (units);

e) RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (or RVR) RUNWAY (number) NOT AVAILABLE (or NOT REPORTED);

f) RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (or RVR) [RUNWAY (number)] (first position) (distance) (units), (second position) (distance) (units), (third position) (distance) (units);

Note 1. — Multiple RVR observations are always representative of the touchdown zone, midpoint zone and the roll-out/stop-end zone respectively.

Note 2. — Where reports for three locations are given, the indication of these locations may be omitted, provided that the reports are passed in the order of touchdown zone, followed by the midpoint zone and ending with the roll-out/stop-end zone report.

g) RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (or RVR) [RUNWAY (number)] (first position) (distance) (units), (second position) NOT AVAILABLE, (third position) (distance) (units);

h) PRESENT WEATHER (details);

i) CLOUD (amount, [(type)] and height of base) (units) (or SKY CLEAR);

j) CAVOK;

Note.— ‘CAVOK’ pronounced ‘CAV-O-KAY’.

k) TEMPERATURE [MINUS] (number) (and/or DEWPOINT [MINUS] (number));

l) QNH (number)[units];

m) QFE (number) [(units)];

n) (aircraft type) REPORTED (description) ICING (or TURBULENCE) [IN CLOUD] (area) (time);

o) REPORT FLIGHT CONDITIONS.

p) INSTRUMENT METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS REPORTED (or forecast) IN THE VICINITY OF (location)

a) NEXT REPORT AT (significant point);

b) OMIT POSITION REPORTS [UNTIL (specify)];

c) RESUME POSITION REPORTING.

a) REPORT PASSING (significant point);

b) REPORT (distance) MILES (GNSS or DME) FROM

(name of DME station) (or significant point);

*c) (distance) MILES (GNSS or DME) FROM (name of DME station) (or significant point);

d) REPORT PASSING (three digits) RADIAL (name of VOR) VOR;

e) REPORT (GNSS or DME) DISTANCE FROM

(significant point) or (name of DME station);

*f) (distance) MILES (GNSS or DME) FROM (name of DME station) (or significant point).

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission.

a) [(location)] ISSUED AT (date and time UTC) RUNWAY (number) followed as necessary by:

1) SURFACE CONDITION [CODE (three digit number)];

2) DRY, or WET ICE, or WATER ON TOP OF COMPACTED SNOW, or DRY SNOW, or DRY SNOW ON TOP OF ICE, or WET SNOW ON TOP OF ICE, or ICE, or SLUSH, or STANDING WATER, or COMPACTED SNOW, or WET SNOW, or DRY SNOW ON TOP OF COMPACTED SNOW, or WET SNOW ON TOP OF COMPACTED SNOW, or WET, or FROST;

3) DEPTH ((depth of deposit) MILLIMETRES or NOT REPORTED);

4) COVERAGE ((number) PERCENT or NOT REPORTED);

5) AVAILABLE WIDTH (number) METRES;

6) LENGTH REDUCED TO (number) METRES;

7) DRIFTING SNOW;

8) LOOSE SAND;

9) CHEMICALLY TREATED;

10) SNOWBANK (number) METRES [LEFT, or RIGHT, or LEFT AND RIGHT] [OF or FROM] CENTRELINE;

11) TAXIWAY (identification of taxiway) SNOWBANK (number) METRES [LEFT, or RIGHT, or LEFT AND RIGHT] [OF or FROM] CENTRELINE;

12) ADJACENT SNOWBANKS;

13) TAXIWAY (identification of taxiway) POOR;

14) APRON (identification of apron) POOR;

15) Plain language remarks.

b) [(location)] RUNWAY SURFACE CONDITION RUNWAY (number) NOT CURRENT;

c) LANDING SURFACE (condition);

d) CAUTION CONSTRUCTION WORK (location);

e) CAUTION (specify reasons) RIGHT (or LEFT), (or BOTH SIDES) OF RUNWAY [(number)];

f) CAUTION WORK IN PROGRESS (or OBSTRUCTION) (position and any necessary advice);

g) BRAKING ACTION REPORTED BY (aircraft type) AT (time) GOOD (or GOOD TO MEDIUM, or MEDIUM, or MEDIUM TO POOR, or POOR);

h) TAXIWAY (identification of taxiway) WET [or STANDING WATER, or SNOW REMOVED (length and width as applicable), or CHEMICALLY TREATED, or COVERED WITH PATCHES OF DRY SNOW (or WET SNOW, or COMPACTED SNOW, or SLUSH, or FROZEN SLUSH, or ICE, or WET ICE, or ICE UNDERNEATH, or ICE AND SNOW, or SNOWDRIFTS, or FROZEN RUTS AND RIDGES or LOOSE SAND)];

i) UNOFFICIAL OBSERVATION FROM THE TOWER (weather information);

j) UNOFFICIAL OBSERVATION FROM A PILOT’S REPORT (weather information).

a) (specify visual or non-visual aid) RUNWAY (number) (description of deficiency);

b) (type) LIGHTING (unserviceability);

c) GBAS/SBAS/MLS/ILS CATEGORY (category) (serviceability state);

d) TAXIWAY LIGHTING (description of deficiency);

e) (type of visual approach slope indicator) RUNWAY (number) (description of deficiency).

a) CONFIRM RVSM APPROVED;

*b) AFFIRM RVSM;

*c) NEGATIVE RVSM [(supplementary information, e.g. State aircraft)];

d) UNABLE ISSUE CLEARANCE INTO RVSM AIRSPACE, MAINTAIN [or DESCEND TO, or CLIMB TO] (level);

*e) UNABLE RVSM DUE TURBULENCE;

*f) UNABLE RVSM DUE EQUIPMENT;

g) REPORT WHEN ABLE TO RESUME RVSM;

h) CONFIRM ABLE TO RESUME RVSM;

*i) READY TO RESUME RVSM.

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission.

a) GNSS REPORTED UNRELIABLE (or GNSS MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE [DUE TO INTERFERENCE]);

1) IN THE VICINITY OF (location)(radius) [BETWEEN (levels)]; or

2) IN THE AREA OF (description) (or IN (name) FIR) [BETWEEN (levels)];

b) BASIC GNSS (or SBAS, or GBAS) UNAVAILABLE FOR (specify operation) [FROM (time) TO (time) (or UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE)];

*c) BASIC GNSS UNAVAILABLE [DUE TO (reason, e.g. LOSS OF RAIM or RAIM ALERT)];

*d) GBAS (or SBAS) UNAVAILABLE.

e) CONFIRM GNSS NAVIGATION: and

*f) AFFIRM GNSS NAVIGATION.

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission.

*UNABLE (designator) DEPARTURE [or ARRIVAL] DUE RNAV TYPE

*UNABLE (designator) DEPARTURE [or ARRIVAL] (reasons)

UNABLE TO ISSUE (designator) DEPARTURE [or ARRIVAL] DUE RNAV TYPE

UNABLE TO ISSUE (designator) DEPARTURE [or ARRIVAL] (reasons)

ADVISE IF ABLE (designator) DEPARTURE [or ARRIVAL]

*(aircraft call sign) UNABLE RNAV DUE EQUIPMENT

*(aircraft call sign) NEGATIVE RNAV

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission

a) (name of unit) CLEARS (aircraft call sign);

b) (aircraft call sign) CLEARED TO;

c) RECLEARED (amended clearance details) [REST OF CLEARANCE UNCHANGED];

d) RECLEARED (amended route portion) TO (significant point of original route) [REST OF CLEARANCE UNCHANGED];

e) ENTER CONTROLLED AIRSPACE (or CONTROL ZONE) [VIA (significant point or route)] AT (level) [AT (time)];

f) LEAVE CONTROLLED AIRSPACE (or CONTROL ZONE) [VIA (significant point or route)] AT (level) (or CLIMBING, or DESCENDING);

g) JOIN (specify) AT (significant point) AT (level) [AT (time)].

a) FROM (location) TO (location);

b) TO (location),

followed as necessary by:

1) DIRECT;

2) VIA (route and/or significant points);

3) VIA FLIGHT PLANNED ROUTE;

4) VIA (distance) DME ARC (direction) OF (name of DME station);

c) (route) NOT AVAILABLE DUE (reason) ALTERNATIVE[S] IS/ARE (routes) ADVISE.

a) MAINTAIN (level) [TO (significant point)];

b) MAINTAIN (level) UNTIL PASSING (significant point);

c) MAINTAIN (level) UNTIL (minutes) AFTER PASSING

(significant point);

d) MAINTAIN (level) UNTIL (time);

e) MAINTAIN (level) UNTIL ADVISED BY (name of unit);

f) MAINTAIN (level) UNTIL FURTHER ADVISED;

g) MAINTAIN (level) WHILE IN CONTROLLED AIRSPACE;

h) MAINTAIN BLOCK (level) TO (level).

Note. — The term ‘MAINTAIN’ is not to be used in lieu of ‘DESCEND’ or ‘CLIMB’ when instructing an aircraft to change level.

a) CROSS (significant point) AT (or ABOVE, or BELOW) (level);

b) CROSS (significant point) AT (time) OR LATER (or BEFORE) AT (level);

c) CRUISE CLIMB BETWEEN (levels) (or ABOVE (level));

d) CROSS (distance) MILES, (GNSS or DME) [(direction)] OF (name of DME station) OR (distance) [(direction)] OF (significant point) AT (or ABOVE or BELOW) (level).

*a) EMERGENCY DESCENT (intentions);

b) ATTENTION ALL AIRCRAFT IN THE VICINITY OF [or AT] (significant point or location) EMERGENCY DESCENT IN PROGRESS FROM (level) (followed as necessary by specific instructions, clearances, traffic information, etc.).

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission.

EXPECT CLEARANCE type of clearance) AT (time).

UNABLE, TRAFFIC (direction) BOUND (type of aircraft) (level) ESTIMATED (or OVER) (significant point) AT (time) CALL SIGN (call sign) ADVISE INTENTIONS.

a) CROSS (significant point) AT (time) [OR LATER (or

OR BEFORE)];

b) ADVISE IF ABLE TO CROSS (significant point) AT

(time or level);

c) MAINTAIN MACH (number) [OR GREATER (or OR LESS)] [UNTIL (significant point)];

d) DO NOT EXCEED MACH (number);

e) CONFIRM ESTABLISHED ON THE TRACK BETWEEN (significant point) AND (significant point) [WITH ZERO OFFSET];

*f) ESTABLISHED ON THE TRACK BETWEEN (significant point) AND (significant point) [WITH ZERO OFFSET];

g) MAINTAIN TRACK BETWEEN (significant point) AND (significant point). REPORT ESTABLISHED ON THE TRACK;

*h) ESTABLISHED ON THE TRACK;

i) CONFIRM ZERO OFFSET;

*j) AFFIRM ZERO OFFSET.

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission

a) ADVISE IF ABLE TO PROCEED PARALLEL OFFSET;

b) PROCEED OFFSET (distance) RIGHT/LEFT OF (route) (track)[CENTRE LINE] [AT (significant point or time)] [UNTIL (significant point or time)];

a) [AFTER DEPARTURE] TURN RIGHT (or LEFT) HEADING (three digits) (or CONTINUE RUNWAY HEADING) (or TRACK EXTENDED CENTRE LINE) TO (level or significant point) [(other instructions as required)];

b) AFTER REACHING (or PASSING) (level or significant point) (instructions);

c) TURN RIGHT (or LEFT) HEADING (three digits) TO level) [TO INTERCEPT (track, route, airway, etc.)];

d) (standard departure name and number)

DEPARTURE;

e) TRACK (three digits) DEGREES [MAGNETIC (or TRUE)] TO (or FROM) (significant point) UNTIL (time, or REACHING (fix or significant point or level)) [BEFORE PROCEEDING ON COURSE];

f) CLEARED VIA (designation).

a) CLEARED (or PROCEED) VIA (designation);

b) CLEARED TO (clearance limit) VIA (designation);

c) CLEARED (or PROCEED) VIA (details of route to be followed);

d) CLEARED (type of approach) APPROACH [RUNWAY (number)];

e) CLEARED (type of approach) RUNWAY (number) FOLLOWED BY CIRCLING TO RUNWAY (number);

f) CLEARED APPROACH [RUNWAY (number)];

g) COMMENCE APPROACHAT (time);

*h) REQUEST STRAIGHT-IN [(type of approach)] APPROACH [RUNWAY (number)];

i) CLEARED STRAIGHT-IN [(type of approach)] APPROACH [RUNWAY (number)];

j) REPORT VISUAL;

k) REPORT RUNWAY [LIGHTS] IN SIGHT;

*l) REQUEST VISUAL APPROACH;

m) CLEARED VISUAL APPROACH RUNWAY (number);

n) ADVISE ABLE TO ACCEPT VISUAL APPROACH RUNWAY (number);

o) CLEARED VISUAL APPROACH RUNWAY (number), MAINTAIN OWN SEPARATION FROM PRECEDING (aircraft type and wake turbulence category as appropriate) [CAUTION WAKE TURBULENCE];

p) REPORT (significant point); [OUTBOUND, or INBOUND];

q) REPORT COMMENCING PROCEDURE TURN;

*r) REQUEST VMC DESCENT;

s) MAINTAIN OWN SEPARATION;

t) MAINTAIN VMC;

u) ARE YOU FAMILIAR WITH (name) APPROACH PROCEDURE;

*v) REQUEST (type of approach) APPROACH [RUNWAY number)];

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission.

a) HOLD VISUAL [OVER] (position), (or BETWEEN (two prominent landmarks));

b) CLEARED (or PROCEED) TO (significant point, name of facility or fix) [MAINTAIN (or CLIMB or DESCEND TO) (level)] HOLD [(direction)] AS PUBLISHED EXPECT APPROACH CLEARANCE (or FURTHER CLEARANCE) AT (time);

*c) REQUEST HOLDING INSTRUCTIONS;

d) CLEARED (or PROCEED) TO (significant point, name of facility or fix) [MAINTAIN (or CLIMB or DESCEND TO) (level)] HOLD [(direction)] [(specified) RADIAL, COURSE, INBOUND TRACK (three digits) DEGREES] [RIGHT (or LEFT) HAND PATTERN] [OUTBOUND TIME (number) MINUTES] EXPECT APPROACH CLEARANCE (or FURTHER CLEARANCE) AT (time) (additional instructions, if necessary);

e) CLEARED TO THE (three digits) RADIAL OF THE (name) VOR AT (distance) DME FIX [MAINTAIN (or CLIMB or DESCEND TO) (level)] HOLD [(direction)] [RIGHT (or LEFT) HAND PATTERN] [OUTBOUND TIME (number) MINUTES] EXPECT APPROACH CLEARANCE (or FURTHER CLEARANCE) AT (time) (additional instructions, if necessary);

f) CLEARED TO THE (three digits) RADIAL OF THE (name) VOR AT (distance) DME FIX [MAINTAIN (or CLIMB or DESCEND TO) (level)] HOLD BETWEEN (distance) AND (distance) DME [RIGHT (or LEFT) HAND PATTERN] EXPECT APPROACH CLEARANCE (or FURTHER CLEARANCE) AT (time) (additional instructions, if necessary).

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission.

a) NO DELAY EXPECTED;

b) EXPECTED APPROACH TIME (time);

c) REVISED EXPECTED APPROACH TIME (time);

SHOW LANDING LIGHTS.

a) ACKNOWLEDGE BY MOVING AILERONS (or RUDDER);

b) ACKNOWLEDGE BY ROCKING WINGS;

c) ACKNOWLEDGE BY FLASHING LANDING LIGHTS.

*a) [aircraft location] REQUEST START-UP;

*b) [aircraft location] REQUEST START-UP, INFORMATION IS identification);

c) START-UP APPROVED;

d) START-UP AT (time);

e) EXPECT START-UP AT (time);

f) START-UP AT OWN DISCRETION;

c) EXPECT DEPARTURE (time) START-UP AT OWN DISCRETION.

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission.

*a) [aircraft location] REQUEST PUSHBACK;

b) PUSHBACK APPROVED;

c) STAND BY;

d) PUSHBACK AT OWN DISCRETION;

e) EXPECT (number) MINUTES DELAY DUE (reason).

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission.

†a) REQUEST TOW [company name] (aircraft type) FROM (location) TO (location);

b) TOW APPROVED VIA (specific routing to be followed);

c) HOLD POSITION;

d) STAND BY.

‘†’ denotes transmission from aircraft/tow vehicle combination.

*a) REQUEST TIME CHECK;

b) TIME (time);

*c) REQUEST DEPARTURE INFORMATION;

d) RUNWAY (number), WIND (direction and speed) (units) QNH QFE) (number) [(units)] TEMPERATURE [MINUS] (number), [VISIBILITY (distance) (units) (or RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE RVR) (distance) (units))] [TIME (time)].

Note. If multiple visibility and RVR observations are available, those that represent the roll-out/stop end zone should be used for take-off.

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission.

*a) [aircraft type] [wake turbulence category if ‘heavy’] [aircraft location] REQUEST TAXI [intentions];

*b) [aircraft type] [wake turbulence category if ‘heavy’] [aircraft location] (flight rules) TO (aerodrome of destination) REQUEST TAXI [intentions];

c) TAXI TO HOLDING POINT [number] [RUNWAY (number)] [HOLD SHORT OF RUNWAY (number) (or CROSS RUNWAY (number))] [TIME (time)];

*d) [aircraft type] [wake turbulence category if ‘heavy’] REQUEST DETAILED TAXI INSTRUCTIONS;

e) TAXI TO HOLDING POINT [number] [RUNWAY (number)] VIA (specific route to be followed) [TIME (time)] [HOLD SHORT OF RUNWAY number) (or CROSS RUNWAY number))];

f) TAXI TO HOLDING POINT [number] (followed by aerodrome information as applicable) [TIME (time)];

g) TAKE (or TURN) FIRST or SECOND) LEFT or RIGHT);

h) TAXI VIA (identification of taxiway);

i) TAXI VIA RUNWAY (number);

i) TAXI TO TERMINAL (or other location, e.g. GENERAL AVIATION AREA) [STAND (number)];

*k) REQUEST AIR-TAXIING FROM (or VIA) TO (location or routing as appropriate);

l) AIR-TAXI TO (or VIA) (location or routing as appropriate) [CAUTION (dust, blowing snow, loose debris, taxiing light aircraft, personnel, etc.)];

m) AIR TAXI VIA (direct, as requested, or specified route) TO (location, heliport, operating or movement area, active or inactive runway). AVOID (aircraft or vehicles or personnel);

*n) REQUEST BACKTRACK;

o) BACKTRACK APPROVED;

p) BACKTRACK RUNWAY (number);

*q) [(aircraft location)] REQUEST TAXI TO (destination on aerodrome);

r) TAXI STRAIGHT AHEAD;

s) TAXI WITH CAUTION;

t) GIVE WAY TO (description and position of other aircraft);

*u) GIVING WAY TO (traffic);

*v) TRAFFIC (or type of aircraft) IN SIGHT;

w) TAXI INTO HOLDING BAY;

x) FOLLOW (description of other aircraft or vehicle);

y) VACATE RUNWAY;

*z) RUNWAY VACATED;

aa) EXPEDITE TAXI [(reason)];

*bb) EXPEDITING;

cc) [CAUTION] TAXI SLOWER [reason];

*dd) SLOWING DOWN.

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission.

‡a) HOLD (direction) OF (position, runway number, etc.);

‡b) HOLD POSITION;

‡c) HOLD (distance) FROM (position);

‡d) HOLD SHORT OF (position);

*e) HOLDING;

*f) HOLDING SHORT.

‘‡’ requires specific acknowledgement from the pilot.

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission. The procedure words ‘ROGER’ and ‘WILCO’ are insufficient acknowledgement of the instructions ‘HOLD, HOLD POSITION and HOLD SHORT OF (position)’. In each case the acknowledgement is to be by the phraseology ‘HOLDING’ or ‘HOLDING SHORT’, as appropriate.

*a) REQUEST CROSS RUNWAY (number);

Note. If the control tower is unable to see the crossing aircraft (e.g. night, low visibility), the instruction should always be accompanied by a request to report when the aircraft has vacated the runway.

b) CROSS RUNWAY (number) [REPORT VACATED];

c) EXPEDITE CROSSING RUNWAY (number) TRAFFIC (aircraft type) (distance) KILOMETRES or MILES) FINAL;

d) TAXI TO HOLDING POINT [number] [RUNWAY (number)] VIA (specific route to be followed), [HOLD SHORT OF RUNWAY (number)] or [CROSS RUNWAY (number)];

*e) RUNWAY VACATED.

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission.

a) UNABLE TO ISSUE (designator) DEPARTURE

(reasons);

b) REPORT WHEN READY [FOR DEPARTURE];

c) ARE YOU READY [FOR DEPARTURE]?;

d) ARE YOU READY FOR IMMEDIATE DEPARTURE?;

*e) READY;

f) LINE UP [AND WAIT];

†g) LINE UP RUNWAY (number);

h) LINE UP. BE READY FOR IMMEDIATE DEPARTURE;

‡i) (condition) LINE UP (brief reiteration of the condition);

*j) (condition) LINING UP (brief reiteration of the condition);

k) [THAT IS] CORRECT (or NEGATIVE) [I SAY AGAIN]. (as appropriate).

*l) REQUEST DEPARTURE FROM RUNWAY (number), INTERSECTION (designation or name of intersection)

m) APPROVED, TAXI TO HOLDING POINT RUNWAY (number), INTERSECTION (designation or name of intersection)

n) NEGATIVE, TAXI TO HOLDING POINT RUNWAY (number), INTERSECTION (designation or name of intersection)

o) ADVISE ABLE TO DEPART FROM RUNWAY (number), INTERSECTION (designation or name of intersection)

p) TORA RUNWAY (number), FROM INTERSECTION (designation or name of intersection), (distance) METRES

q) LINE UP AND WAIT RUNWAY (number), INTERSECTION (name of intersection), (essential local traffic information)

*r) REQUEST VISUAL DEPARTURE [DIRECT] TO/UNTIL (navaid, waypoint, altitude)

s) ADVISE ABLE TO ACCEPT VISUAL DEPARTURE [DIRECT] TO/UNTIL (navaid, waypoint/altitude)

t) VISUAL DEPARTURE RUNWAY (number) APPROVED, TURN LEFT/RIGHT [DIRECT] TO (navaid, heading, waypoint) [MAINTAIN VISUAL REFERENCE UNTIL (altitude)]

*u) VISUAL DEPARTURE TO/UNTIL (navaid, waypoint/altitude)

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission.

‘†’ When there is the possibility of confusion during multiple runway operations.

‘‡‘ Provisions concerning the use of conditional clearances are contained in SERA.8015 (g) and(h)(2).

Note. ‘TORA’ is pronounced ‘TOR-AH’.

a) RUNWAY (number) CLEARED FOR TAKE-OFF [REPORT AIRBORNE];

b) (traffic information) RUNWAY (number) CLEARED FOR TAKE-OFF;

c) TAKE OFF IMMEDIATELY OR VACATE RUNWAY [(instructions)];

d) TAKE OFF IMMEDIATELY OR HOLD SHORT OF RUNWAY;

e) HOLD POSITION, CANCEL TAKE-OFF I SAY AGAIN CANCEL TAKE-OFF (reasons);

*f) HOLDING;

g) STOP IMMEDIATELY [(repeat aircraft call sign) STOP IMMEDIATELY];

*h) STOPPING;

i) CLEARED FOR TAKE-OFF [FROM (location)] (present position, taxiway, final approach and take-off area, runway and number);

*j) REQUEST DEPARTURE INSTRUCTIONS;

k) AFTER DEPARTURE TURN RIGHT (or LEFT, or CLIMB) (instructions as appropriate).

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission. HOLDING and STOPPING are the procedural responses to e) and g) respectively.

*a) REQUEST RIGHT (or LEFT) TURN;

b) RIGHT (or LEFT) TURN APPROVED;

c) WILL ADVISE LATER FOR RIGHT (or LEFT) TURN;

d) REPORT AIRBORNE;

e) AIRBORNE (time);

f) AFTER PASSING (level) (instructions);

g) CONTINUE RUNWAY HEADING (instructions);

h) TRACK EXTENDED CENTRE LINE (instructions);

i) CLIMB STRAIGHT AHEAD (instructions).

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission.

*a) [aircraft type] (position) (level) FOR LANDING;

b) JOIN [(direction of circuit)] (position in circuit) (runway number) [SURFACE] WIND (direction and speed) (units) [TEMPERATURE [MINUS] (number)] QNH (or QFE) (number) [units)] [TRAFFIC (detail)];

c) MAKE STRAIGHT-IN APPROACH, RUNWAY

(number)[SURFACE] WIND (direction and speed) (units) [TEMPERATURE [MINUS] (number)] QNH (or QFE) (number) [(units)] [TRAFFIC (detail)];

*d) (aircraft type) (position)(level)INFORMATION (ATIS identification) FOR LANDING;

e) JOIN (position in circuit) [RUNWAY (number)] QNH (or QFE) (number) [(units)] [TRAFFIC (detail)].

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission.

*a) (position in circuit, e.g. DOWNWIND/FINAL);

b) NUMBER... FOLLOW (aircraft type and position) [additional instructions if required].

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission.

a) MAKE SHORT APPROACH;

b) MAKE LONG APPROACH (or EXTEND DOWNWIND);

c) REPORT BASE (or FINAL, or LONG FINAL);

d) CONTINUE APPROACH [PREPARE FOR POSSIBLE GO AROUND].

a) RUNWAY (number) CLEARED TO LAND;

b) (traffic information) RUNWAY (number) CLEARED TO LAND;

c) CLEARED TOUCH AND GO;

d) MAKE FULL STOP;

*e) REQUEST LOW APPROACH (reasons);

f) CLEARED LOW APPROACH [RUNWAY (number)] [(altitude restriction if required) (go around instructions)];

*g) REQUEST LOW PASS (reasons);

h) CLEARED LOW PASS [as in f)];

*i) REQUEST STRAIGHT-IN (or CIRCLING APPROACH, LEFT or RIGHT) TURN TO (location));

j) MAKE STRAIGHT-IN (or CIRCLING APPROACH, LEFT (or RIGHT) TURN TO (location, runway, taxiway, final approach and take-off area)) [ARRIVAL or ARRIVAL ROUTE) (number, name, or code)]. [HOLD SHORT OF (active runway, extended runway centre line, other)]. [REMAIN (direction or distance) FROM (runway, runway centre line, other helicopter or aircraft)]. [CAUTION (power lines, unlighted obstructions, wake turbulence, etc.)]. CLEARED TO LAND.

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission.

a) CIRCLE THE AERODROME;

b) ORBIT (RIGHT, or LEFT) [FROM PRESENT POSITION];

c) MAKE ANOTHER CIRCUIT.

a) GO AROUND;

*b) GOING AROUND.

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission.

a) LANDING GEAR APPEARS DOWN

b) RIGHT (or LEFT, or NOSE) WHEEL APPEARS UP (or DOWN);

c) WHEELS APPEAR UP;

d) RIGHT (or LEFT, or NOSE) WHEEL DOES NOT APPEAR UP (or DOWN);

e) CAUTION WAKE TURBULENCE [FROM ARRIVING (or DEPARTING) (type of aircraft)] [additional information as required];

f) CAUTION JET BLAST;

g) CAUTION SLIPSTREAM.

a) CONTACT GROUND (frequency);

b) WHEN VACATED CONTACT GROUND (frequency);

c) EXPEDITE VACATING;

d) YOUR STAND (or GATE) (designation);

e) TAKE (or TURN) FIRST (or SECOND, or CONVENIENT) LEFT (or RIGHT) AND CONTACT GROUND (frequency);

f) AIR-TAXI TO HELICOPTER STAND (or) HELICOPTER PARKING POSITION (area);

g) AIR-TAXI TO (or VIA) (location or routing as appropriate) [CAUTION (dust, blowing snow, loose debris, taxiing light aircraft, personnel, etc.)];

a) [ALL STATIONS] CPDLC FAILURE (instructions);

b) CPDLC MESSAGE FAILURE (appropriate clearance, instruction, information or request);

c) DISREGARD CPDLC (message type) MESSAGE,

BREAK (correct clearance, instruction, information or request);

d) [ALL STATIONS] STOP SENDING CPDLC REQUESTS

[UNTIL ADVISED] [(reason)];

a) REPORT HEADING [AND FLIGHT LEVEL (or ALTITUDE)];

b) FOR IDENTIFICATION TURN LEFT (or RIGHT) HEADING (three digits);

c) TRANSMIT FOR IDENTIFICATION AND REPORT HEADING;

d) RADAR CONTACT [position];

e) IDENTIFIED [position];

f) NOT IDENTIFIED [reason], [RESUME (or CONTINUE) OWN NAVIGATION].

POSITION (distance) (direction) OF (significant point) (or OVER or ABEAM (significant point)).

a) LEAVE (significant point) HEADING (three digits);

b) CONTINUE HEADING (three digits);

c) CONTINUE PRESENT HEADING;

d) FLY HEADING (three digits);

e) TURN LEFT (or RIGHT) HEADING (three digits) [reason];

f) TURN LEFT (or RIGHT) (number of degrees) DEGREES [reason];

g) STOP TURN HEADING (three digits);

h) FLY HEADING (three digits), WHEN ABLE PROCEED DIRECT (name) (significant point);

i) HEADING IS GOOD.

a) RESUME OWN NAVIGATION (position of aircraft) (specific instructions);

b) RESUME OWN NAVIGATION [DIRECT] (significant point) [MAGNETIC TRACK (three digits) DISTANCE (number) KILOMETRES (or MILES)].

a) MAKE A THREE SIXTY TURN LEFT (or RIGHT) [reason];

b) ORBIT LEFT (or RIGHT) [reason];

c) MAKE ALL TURNS RATE ONE (or RATE HALF, or (number) DEGREES PER SECOND) START AND STOP ALL TURNS ON THE COMMAND ‘NOW’;

d) TURN LEFT (or RIGHT) NOW;

e) STOP TURN NOW.

a) REPORT SPEED;

*b) SPEED (number) KILOMETRES PER HOUR (or KNOTS);

c) MAINTAIN (number) KILOMETRES PER HOUR (or KNOTS) [OR GREATER (or OR LESS)] [UNTIL (significant point)];

d) DO NOT EXCEED (number) KILOMETRES PER HOUR (or KNOTS);

e) MAINTAIN PRESENT SPEED;

f) INCREASE (or REDUCE) SPEED TO (number) KILOMETRES PER HOUR (or KNOTS) [OR GREATER (or OR LESS)];

g) INCREASE (or REDUCE) SPEED BY (number) KILOMETRES PER HOUR (or KNOTS);

h) RESUME NORMAL SPEED;

i) REDUCE TO MINIMUM APPROACH SPEED;

j) REDUCE TO MINIMUM CLEAN SPEED;

k) NO [ATC] SPEED RESTRICTIONS.

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission.

Note. An arriving aircraft may be instructed to maintain its ‘maximum speed’, ‘minimum clean speed’, ‘minimum speed’, or a specified speed. ‘Minimum clean speed’ signifies the minimum speed at which an aircraft can be flown in a clean configuration, i.e. without deployment of lift-augmentation devices, speed brakes or landing gear.

a) OMIT POSITION REPORTS [UNTIL (specify)];

b) NEXT REPORT AT (significant point);

c) REPORTS REQUIRED ONLY AT (significant point(s));

d) RESUME POSITION REPORTING.

a) TRAFFIC (number) O’CLOCK (distance) (direction of flight) [any other pertinent information]:

1) UNKNOWN;

2) SLOW MOVING;

3) FAST MOVING;

4) CLOSING;

5) OPPOSITE (or SAME) DIRECTION;

6) OVERTAKING;

7) CROSSING LEFT TO RIGHT (or RIGHT TO LEFT);

8) (aircraft type);

9) (level);

10) [YOUR CLEARED LEVEL]

11) CLIMBING (or DESCENDING);

*b) REQUEST VECTORS;

c) DO YOU WANT VECTORS?;

d) CLEAR OF TRAFFIC [appropriate instructions];

e) AVOIDING ACTION TURN LEFT (or RIGHT) IMMEDIATELY HEADING (three digits) [UNIDENTIFIED] TRAFFIC WAS (bearing by clock-reference and distance);

f) AVOIDING ACTION TURN LEFT (or RIGHT) (number of degrees) DEGREES IMMEDIATELY TRAFFIC AT (bearing by clock-reference and distance).

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission.

a) [IF] RADIO CONTACT LOST (instructions);

b) IF NO TRANSMISSIONS RECEIVED FOR (number)

MINUTES (or SECONDS) (instructions);

c) REPLY NOT RECEIVED (instructions);

d) IF YOU READ [manoeuvre instructions or SQUAWK (code or IDENT)];

e) (manoeuvre, SQUAWK or IDENT) OBSERVED. POSITION (position of aircraft). [(instructions)].

a) RADAR SERVICE (or IDENTIFICATION) TERMINATED [DUE (reason)] (instructions);

b) WILL SHORTLY LOSE IDENTIFICATION (appropriate instructions or information);

c) IDENTIFICATION LOST [reasons](instructions).

a) SECONDARY RADAR OUT OF SERVICE (appropriate information as necessary);

b) PRIMARY RADAR OUT OF SERVICE (appropriate information as necessary);

a) VECTORING FOR (type of) APPROACH RUNWAY (number);

b) VECTORING FOR VISUAL APPROACH RUNWAY (number) REPORT FIELD (or RUNWAY) IN SIGHT;

c) VECTORING FOR (positioning in the circuit);

d) VECTORING FOR SURVEILLANCE RADAR APPROACH RUNWAY (number);

e) VECTORING FOR PRECISION APPROACH RUNWAY (number);

f) (type) APPROACH NOT AVAILABLE DUE (reason) (alternative instructions).

a) POSITION (number) KILOMETRES (or MILES) from x). TURN LEFT (or RIGHT) HEADING (three digits);

b) YOU WILL INTERCEPT FINAL APPROACH COURSE (radio aid) (distance) FROM (significant point or TOUCHDOWN);

*c) REQUEST (distance) FINAL;

d) CLEARED FOR (type of approach) APPROACH RUNWAY (number);

e) REPORT ESTABLISHED ON [ILS] LOCALISER (or ON GLS/RNP/MLS [FINAL] APPROACH [COURSE]);

f) CLOSING FROM LEFT (or RIGHT) [REPORT ESTABLISHED];

g) TURN LEFT (or RIGHT) HEADING (three digits) [TO INTERCEPT] or [REPORT ESTABLISHED];

h) EXPECT VECTOR ACROSS THE (LOCALISER or [GLS/RNP/MLS] FINAL APPROACH COURSE or radio aid) (reason);

i) THIS TURN WILL TAKE YOU THROUGH THE (LOCALISER or [GLS/RNP/MLS] FINAL APPROACH COURSE or radio aid) [reason];

j) TAKING YOU THROUGH THE (LOCALISER or [GLS/RNP/MLS] FINAL APPROACH COURSE or radio aid) [reason];

k) MAINTAIN (altitude) UNTIL GLIDE PATH INTERCEPTION;

l) REPORT ESTABLISHED ON GLIDE PATH;

m) INTERCEPT THE (LOCALISER or [GLS/RNP/MLS] [FINAL] APPROACH [COURSE] or radio aid) [REPORT  ESTABLISHED].

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission.

a) CLEARED FOR (type of approach) APPROACH RUNWAY (number) LEFT (or RIGHT);

b) YOU HAVE CROSSED THE LOCALISER (or [GLS/RNP/MLS] FINAL APPROACH COURSE). TURN LEFT (or RIGHT) IMMEDIATELY AND RETURN TO THE LOCALISER (or [GLS/RNP/MLS] FINAL APPROACH COURSE);

c) ILS (or MLS) RUNWAY (number) LEFT (or RIGHT) LOCALISER (or MLS) FREQUENCY IS (frequency);

d) TURN LEFT (or RIGHT) (number) DEGREES (or HEADING) (three digits) IMMEDIATELY TO AVOID TRAFFIC [DEVIATING FROM ADJACENT APPROACH], CLIMB TO (altitude);

e) CLIMB TO (altitude) IMMEDIATELY TO AVOID TRAFFIC [DEVIATING FROM ADJACENT APPROACH] (further instructions).

a) THIS WILL BE A SURVEILLANCE RADAR APPROACH RUNWAY (number) TERMINATING AT (distance) FROM TOUCHDOWN, OBSTACLE CLEARANCE ALTITUDE (or HEIGHT) (number) METRES (or FEET) CHECK YOUR MINIMA [IN CASE OF GO AROUND (instructions)];

b) APPROACH INSTRUCTIONS WILL BE TERMINATED AT (distance) FROM TOUCHDOWN.

a) COMMENCE DESCENT NOW [TO MAINTAIN A (number) DEGREE GLIDE PATH];

b) (distance) FROM TOUCHDOWN ALTITUDE (or HEIGHT) SHOULD BE (numbers and units).

(distance) FROM TOUCHDOWN.

a) CHECK GEAR DOWN [AND LOCKED];

b) OVER THRESHOLD.

a) REPORT VISUAL;

b) REPORT RUNWAY [LIGHTS] IN SIGHT;

c) APPROACH COMPLETED [CONTACT (unit)].

a) THIS WILL BE A PRECISION RADAR APPROACH RUNWAY (number);

b) PRECISION APPROACH NOT AVAILABLE DUE (reason) (alternative instructions);

c) IN CASE OF GO AROUND (instructions).

a) DO NOT ACKNOWLEDGE FURTHER TRANSMISSIONS;

b) REPLY NOT RECEIVED. WILL CONTINUE INSTRUCTIONS.

a) CLOSING [SLOWLY (or QUICKLY)] [FROM THE LEFT (or FROM THE RIGHT)];

b) HEADING IS GOOD;

c) ON TRACK;

d) SLIGHTLY (or WELL, or GOING) LEFT (or RIGHT) OF TRACK;

e) (number) METRES LEFT (or RIGHT) OF TRACK.

a) APPROACHING GLIDE PATH;

b) COMMENCE DESCENT NOW [AT (number) METRES PER SECOND OR (number) FEET PER MINUTE (or ESTABLISH A (number) DEGREE GLIDE PATH)];

c) RATE OF DESCENT IS GOOD;

d) ON GLIDE PATH;

e) SLIGHTLY (or WELL, or GOING) ABOVE (or BELOW) GLIDE PATH;

f) [STILL] (number) METRES (or FEET) TOO HIGH (or TOO LOW);

g) ADJUST RATE OF DESCENT;

h) COMING BACK [SLOWLY (or QUICKLY)] TO THE GLIDE PATH;

i) RESUME NORMAL RATE OF DESCENT;

j) ELEVATION ELEMENT UNSERVICEABLE (to be followed by appropriate instructions);

k) (distance) FROM TOUCHDOWN. ALTITUDE (or HEIGHT) SHOULD BE (numbers and units).

a) (distance) FROM TOUCHDOWN;

b) OVER APPROACH LIGHTS;

c) OVER THRESHOLD.

a) CHECK GEAR DOWN AND LOCKED;

b) CHECK DECISION ALTITUDE (or HEIGHT).

a) REPORT VISUAL;

b) REPORT RUNWAY [LIGHTS] IN SIGHT;

c) APPROACH COMPLETED [CONTACT (unit)].

a) CONTINUE VISUALLY OR GO AROUND [missed approach instructions];

b) GO AROUND IMMEDIATELY [missed approach instructions] (reason);

c) ARE YOU GOING AROUND?;

d) IF GOING AROUND (appropriate instructions);

*e) GOING AROUND.

(aircraft call sign) LOW ALTITUDE WARNING, CHECK YOUR ALTITUDE IMMEDIATELY, QNH IS (number) [(units)]. [THE MINIMUM FLIGHT ALTITUDE IS (altitude)].

a) [ARE YOU] READY TO START UP?;

*b) STARTING NUMBER (engine number(s)).

Note 1. The ground crew should follow this exchange by either a reply on the intercom or a distinct visual signal to indicate that all is clear and that the start-up as indicated may proceed.

Note 2. Unambiguous identification of the parties concerned is essential in any communications between ground crew and pilots.

‘*’ denotes pilot transmission.

a) ARE YOU READY FOR PUSHBACK?;

*b) READY FOR PUSHBACK;

c) CONFIRM BRAKES RELEASED;

*d) BRAKES RELEASED;

e) COMMENCING PUSHBACK;

f) PUSHBACK COMPLETED;

*g) STOP PUSHBACK;

h) CONFIRM BRAKES SET;

*i) BRAKES SET;

*j) DISCONNECT;

k) DISCONNECTING STAND BY FOR VISUAL AT YOUR LEFT (or RIGHT).

Note.— This exchange is followed by a visual signal to the pilot to indicate that disconnect is completed and all is clear for taxiing.

SLOT (time)

REVISED SLOT (time)

SLOT CANCELLED, REPORT READY

FLIGHT SUSPENDED UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE, DUE (reason)

SUSPENSION CANCELLED, REPORT READY

UNABLE TO APPROVE START-UP CLEARANCE DUE SLOT EXPIRED, REQUEST A NEW SLOT

*a) (aircraft call sign), (type of aircraft), (position), (level), IFR (or VFR), (intentions), (other information).

b) (aircraft call sign) ROGER.

Note.— Once the pilot’s initial call has been acknowledged by ATS, they may enter the RMZ.

c) (aircraft call sign) STANDBY.

Note.— Where a pilot is instructed to “STANDBY” following their initial call, they should remain outside the RMZ until their initial call has been acknowledged by ATS.