Time; or

Relative time count

Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) time synchronisation

Pressure altitude (including altitude values displayed on each flight crew member’s primary flight display)

Indicated airspeed or calibrated airspeed (including values of indicated airspeed or calibrated airspeed displayed on each flight crew member’s primary flight display)

Heading (primary flight crew reference) — when true or magnetic heading can be selected, the primary heading reference, a discrete indicating selection should be recorded.

Normal acceleration

Pitch attitude — pitch attitude values displayed on each flight crew member’s primary flight display should be recorded, unless the aeroplane is type certified before 1 January 2023 and recording the values displayed at the captain position or the first officer position would require extensive modification.

Roll attitude — roll attitude values displayed on each flight crew member’s primary flight display should be recorded, unless the aeroplane is type certified before 1 January 2023 and recording the values displayed at the captain position or the first officer position would require extensive modification.

Manual radio transmission keying and CVR/FDR synchronisation reference

Engine thrust/power:

Parameters required to determine propulsive thrust/power on each engine, in both normal and reverse thrust

Flight crew compartment thrust/power lever position (for aeroplanes with non-mechanically linked engine controls in the flight crew compartment)

Total or outside air temperature

Longitudinal acceleration (body axis)

Lateral acceleration

Primary flight control surface and/or primary flight control pilot input (For aeroplanes with control systems in which the movement of a control surface will back drive the pilot’s control, ‘or’ applies. For aeroplanes with control systems in which the movement of a control surface will not back drive the pilot’s control, ‘and’ applies. For multiple or split surfaces, a suitable combination of inputs is acceptable in lieu of recording each surface separately. For aeroplanes that have a flight control break-away capability that allows either pilot to operate the controls independently, record both inputs):

Pitch axis

Roll axis

Yaw axis

Pitch trim surface position

Marker beacon passage

Warnings — in addition to the master warning, each ‘red’ warning that cannot be determined from other parameters or from the CVR and each smoke warning from other compartments should be recorded.

Each navigation receiver frequency selection

Flaps:

Trailing edge flap position

Flight crew compartment control selection

Slats:

Leading edge flap (slat) position

Flight crew compartment control selection

Thrust reverse status

Ground spoiler and speed brake:

Ground spoiler position

Ground spoiler selection

Speed brake position

Speed brake selection

Autopilot, autothrottle and automatic flight control system (AFCS): mode and engagement status (showing which systems are engaged and which primary modes are controlling the flight path and speed of the aircraft)

Radio altitude. For auto-land/category III operations, each radio altimeter should be recorded.

Vertical deviation — the approach aid in use should be recorded. For auto-land/category III operations, each system should be recorded:

ILS/GPS/GLS glide path

MLS elevation

Integrated approach navigation (IAN) /Integrated Area Navigation, vertical deviation

Horizontal deviation — the approach aid in use should be recorded. For auto-land/category III operations, each system should be recorded:

ILS/GPS/GLS localiser

MLS azimuth

GNSS approach path/IRNAV lateral deviation

Distance measuring equipment (DME) 1 and 2 distances:

Distance to runway threshold (GLS)

Distance to missed approach point (IRNAV/IAN)

Ground proximity warning system (GPWS)/terrain awareness warning system (TAWS)/ground collision avoidance system (GCAS) status — a suitable combination of discretes unless recorder capacity is limited in which case a single discrete for all modes is acceptable:

Selection of terrain display mode, including pop-up display status

Terrain alerts, including cautions and warnings and advisories

On/off switch position

Angle of attack

Low pressure warning (each system):

Hydraulic pressure

Pneumatic pressure

Ground speed

Landing gear:

Landing gear position

Gear selector position

Navigation data:

Drift angle

Wind speed

Wind direction

Latitude

Longitude

GNSS augmentation in use

Brakes:

Left and right brake pressure

Left and right brake pedal position

Additional engine parameters (if not already recorded in parameter 9 of Table 1, and if the aeroplane is equipped with a suitable data source):

Engine pressure ratio (EPR)

N1

Indicated vibration level

N2

Exhaust gas temperature (EGT)

Fuel flow

Fuel cut-off lever position

N3

Engine fuel metering valve position (or equivalent parameter from the system that directly controls the flow of fuel into the engine) — for aeroplanes type certified before 1 January 2023, to be recorded only if this does not require extensive modification.

Traffic alert and collision avoidance system (TCAS)/airborne collision avoidance system (ACAS) — a suitable combination of discretes should be recorded to determine the status of the system:

Combined control

Vertical control

Up advisory

Down advisory

Sensitivity level

Wind shear warning

Selected barometric setting — to be recorded for the aeroplane where the parameter is displayed electronically:

Pilot selected barometric setting

Co-pilot selected barometric setting

Selected altitude (all pilot selectable modes of operation) — to be recorded for the aeroplane where the parameter is displayed electronically

Selected speed (all pilot selectable modes of operation) — to be recorded for the aeroplane where the parameter is displayed electronically

Selected Mach (all pilot selectable modes of operation) — to be recorded for the aeroplane where the parameter is displayed electronically

Selected vertical speed (all pilot selectable modes of operation) — to be recorded for the aeroplane where the parameter is displayed electronically

Selected heading (all pilot selectable modes of operation) — to be recorded for the aeroplane where the parameter is displayed electronically

Selected flight path (all pilot selectable modes of operation) — to be recorded for the aeroplane where the parameter is displayed electronically:

Course/desired track (DSTRK)

Path angle

Coordinates of final approach path (IRNAV/IAN)

Selected decision height — to be recorded for the aeroplane where the parameter is displayed electronically

Electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) display format, showing the display system status:

Pilot

Co-pilot

Multi-function/engine/alerts display format, showing the display system status

Alternating current (AC) electrical bus status — each bus

Direct current (DC) electrical bus status — each bus

Engine bleed valve(s) position

Auxiliary power unit (APU) bleed valve(s) position

Computer failure — all critical flight and engine control systems

Engine thrust command

Engine thrust target

Computed centre of gravity (CG)

Fuel quantity in CG trim tank

Head-up display in use

Paravisual display on

Operational stall protection, stick shaker and pusher activation

Primary navigation system reference:

GNSS

Inertial navigational system (INS)

VHF omnidirectional radio range (VOR)/distance measuring equipment (DME)

MLS

Loran C

ILS

Ice detection

Engine warning — each engine vibration

Engine warning — each engine over temperature

Engine warning — each engine oil pressure low

Engine warning — each engine overspeed

Yaw trim surface position

Roll trim surface position

Yaw or sideslip angle

De-icing and/or anti-icing systems selection

Hydraulic pressure — each system

Loss of cabin pressure

Trim control input position in the flight crew compartment, pitch — when mechanical means for control inputs are not available, displayed trim position or trim command should be recorded.

Trim control input position in the flight crew compartment, roll — when mechanical means for control inputs are not available, displayed trim position or trim command should be recorded.

Trim control input position in the flight crew compartment, yaw — when mechanical means for control inputs are not available, displayed trim position or trim command should be recorded.

All flight control input forces (for fly-by-wire flight control systems, where control surface position is a function of the displacement of the control input device only, it is not necessary to record this parameter):

Control wheel input forces

Control column input forces

Rudder pedal input forces

Event marker

Date

Actual navigation performance (ANP) or estimate of position error (EPE) or estimate of position uncertainty (EPU)

Cabin pressure altitude — for aeroplanes type certified before 1 January 2023, to be recorded only if this does not require extensive modification.

Aeroplane computed weight — for aeroplanes type certified before 1 January 2023, to be recorded only if this does not require extensive modification.

Flight director command:

Left flight director pitch command — for aeroplanes type certified before 1 January 2023, to be recorded only if this does not require extensive modification.

Left flight director roll command — for aeroplanes type certified before 1 January 2023, to be recorded only if this does not require extensive modification.

Right flight director pitch command — for aeroplanes type certified before 1 January 2023, to be recorded only if this does not require extensive modification.

Right flight director roll command — for aeroplanes type certified before 1 January 2023, to be recorded only if this does not require extensive modification.