1. Commanders whose duties require them to operate in either pilot seat and carry out the duties of a co-pilot, or commanders required to conduct training or checking duties, shall complete additional training and checking as specified in the operations manual. The check may be conducted together with the operator proficiency check prescribed in point ORO.FC.230(b) or in the EBT programme prescribed in point ORO.FC.231.

2. The additional training and checking shall include at least the following:

   1. an engine failure during take-off;

   2. a one-engine-inoperative approach and go-around; and

   3. a one-engine-inoperative landing.

3. In the case of helicopters, commanders shall also complete their proficiency checks from left- and right-hand seats, on alternate proficiency checks, provided that when the type rating proficiency check is combined with the operator proficiency check the commander completes his/her training or checking from the normally occupied seat.

4. When engine-out manoeuvres are carried out in an aircraft, the engine failure shall be simulated.

5. When operating in the co-pilot’s seat, the checks required by ORO.FC.230 for operating in the commander’s seat shall, in addition, be valid and current.

6. The pilot relieving the commander shall have demonstrated, concurrent with the operator proficiency checks prescribed in ORO.FC.230(b), practice of drills and procedures that would not, normally, be his/her responsibility. Where the differences between left- and right-hand seats are not significant, practice may be conducted in either seat.

7. The pilot other than the commander occupying the commander’s seat shall demonstrate practice of drills and procedures, concurrent with the operator proficiency checks prescribed in ORO.FC.230(b), which are the commander’s responsibility acting as pilot monitoring. Where the differences between left- and right-hand seats are not significant, practice may be conducted in either seat.

 

The title and text below will replace the text above on 30 October 2025:

ORO.FC.235 Pilot qualification to operate in either pilot’s seat - aeroplanes

1. Where a commander of an aeroplane is required to:

   1. operate in either pilot seat and carry out co-pilot duties; or

   2. conduct training or checking duties, the commander must complete additional training and checking (ADTC) to ensure that they are proficient in conducting relevant normal, abnormal and emergency procedures from either pilot seat.

2. The ADTC may be conducted together with either the operator proficiency check prescribed in ORO.FC.230(b), or the EBT programme prescribed in ORO.FC.231.

3. The ADTC must be specified in the operations manual and must include at least the following:

   1. an engine failure during take-off;

   2. a one-engine-inoperative approach and go around;

   3. a one-engine-inoperative landing.

4. The ADTC is valid for 12 months except where undertaken via an EBT programme prescribed in ORO.FC.231, in which case the validity is determined in accordance with ORO.FC.232.

5. When operating in the co-pilot’s seat, the checks required by ORO.FC.230 or the assessment and training required by ORO.FC.231 for operating in the commander’s seat must, in addition, be valid and current.

6. The pilot relieving the commander must have demonstrated, concurrent with either of the requirements referred to in point (i), practice of drills and procedures that would not normally be the relieving pilot’s responsibility. Where the differences between left and right handed seats are not significant, practice may be conducted in either seat.

7. The pilot, other than the commander, occupying the commander’s seat must demonstrate, concurrent with either of the requirements referred to in point (i), practice of drills and procedures which are the commander’s responsibility acting as pilot monitoring. Where the differences between left and right handed seats are not significant, practice may be conducted in either seat.

8. The requirements are the operator proficiency checks prescribed in ORO.FC.230(b) and the assessment and training required by ORO.FC.231.